Lecture Seven: Pubic Media

What is Public media? 

As defined during the WGBH Educational Foundation Conference in 2006, Public media is, 'Media whose mission is to serve or engage a public, includes traditional publicly funded broadcasters and networks, as well as public uses of new platforms and distribution mechanisms such as the internet, podcasting, blogging. Increasingly the term public media is less associated with tax-payer funded broadcasting; it may be for profit, as long as its main purpose is to serve the public and not to turn a profit.'

So, Public media differs from Commercial media in the way that profit is not ever the main priority. It is generally government or license funded. It also differs in terms of style; Public media is seen to be serious, it values importance over interest and is always carefully considered before it is broadcasted. According to Nigel Milan (former managing director of the SBS), 'The difference between Commercial media and Public media is the difference between consumers and citizens'. This could mean people who are genuinely interested in the world, news and important issues are more likely to tune into Public media. Sometimes however, opposing views refer to Public media as being boring, elitist, of limited interest, poorly presented, or out of touch.

In a democratic society, the role of Public media is to support the public, and democratic processes. Public media must have public value. Public value, as the BBC states, should include an embedded public service ethos, value for license fee money, weighing public value against market impact, and public consultation.

The 1995 Broadcasting Research Unit defined public service broadcasting as involving –

o Geographic universality- it should be available to whole population.
o Universality of appeal – it should cater for all tastes and interests.
o A special relationship to the issue of national identity and community.
o Distance from all vested interests, especially those of the Government.
o Universality of payment – one main instrument of broadcasting should be directly funded by the corpus of users.
o The encouragement of competition for good programming, not competition for numbers.
o The liberation rather than restriction of broadcasters.

News is a key function of public media - 41% of Australians get their news from the ABC, which here is a major Public media network. The ABC was is Australia's oldest Public media organisation, founded in 1929 as a national building project. The ABC is said to have the capability to reach far in to the minds of Australian citizens. Some major productions of the ABC include - 

Another major Public media network in Australia is the SBS, founded in 1980 as a 'multicultural' network. The purpose of the SBS is to 'provide multilingual and multicultural television and radio services that inform, educate and entertain all Australians, and in doing so, reflect Australia’s multicultural society'. The SBS was originally entirely public funded, but now includes advertising, taking on a sort of 'hybrid' funding - 80% Public, 20% Advertising. Some major productions of the SBS include - 

The Commercial Sector - 

Although the main focus of Public media organisations is not profit, some have introduced some Commercial branches in their companies to keep up with financial demand. These include- 

Some international Public media corporations are - 

So what are the current challenges for Public media?

1. The first and largest challenge for Public media organisations, is gaining their independence. 

The fact that the ABC and SBS receive funding from the government, means they need to be careful about what they say about the government. Exposing government scams/injustices puts them at risk of losing funds, but turning a blind eye to these same things could make them appear to lack political independence, which is not in their best interests either. They must engage in, and give voice to the democratic process, both mainstream and niche in the most unbiased manner possible. 

2. The second is that they must make themselves relevant in today's society, without compromising on  quality. 

If the Public media can find a way to appeal to the masses, it could be hypothesised that the masses would end up being more accurately informed about national events, and would gain knowledge and interest in international events that they were previously not exposed to at all. Acquiring larger audiences would also help Public media companies to acquire more funding. However, the integrity and quality of the content produced must not be compromised in this process.

In my personal opinion, I support Public media over Commercial media any day. What I am looking to gain out of participating in the media cannot be sold to me, which is why I tend to avoid Commercial outlets. As a budding journalist, I would be incredibly proud to one day be involved with a Public media corporation such as the ABC where I would have freedom to discuss what I believe is important, and not what the editors believe will gain ratings. 

Lecture Five: Sound Lecture

Radio is biographical in a sense, and ideological in another – radio programs tell stories of human experience, and stories of ideas.  

                                                                                    - Richard Fidler

Radio is a powerful form of journalism that has been around for a long time. Many of history's pivotal moments have been shared with everyone throughout the world via the medium of radio. The power of radio should never be underestimated; it is still thriving and evolving despite the masses of competition in it's field. 

Lecture 5 of JOUR1111 was a little different from our others; it was podcast/radio style, with no images or text at all. It consisted of interviews with ABC's Richard Fidler - host of 'Conversations' - a radio show which entails personal accounts of some of the incredible experiences of everyday people, and also with ABC's Steve Austin, a Brisbane based journalist who for the last three years has hosted a radio program at 7pm weeknights, but this year has returned to morning broadcasting. Both of these established journos discussed how they got into the industry as well as their experiences, and gave their wisest advice in this podcast lecture.

Above: Richard Fidler

Above: Steve Austin

I found the most relevant and useful of all things discussed by both Richard and Steve, were their tips and tricks for conducting interviews, and their advice for budding journalists. Below is some key points I picked up from each of the interviewees..

Richard Fidler - 

• Keep general radio interviews no longer than 7 mins – or you will bore the listener.
• Be genuinely interested in what you're talking about.
• Make your subject comfortable when conducting an interview in order to help them feel save to reveal things about themselves – try not to take on a 'prosecutional' style. Try to make them laugh and feel like a normal human being.
• Don’t be afraid of silence in an interview - if your guest needs to take time to recollect themselves/their thoughts, let them – silence is powerful.
•  Budding journalists - Read the paper, keep asking questions, be open minded, expose yourself to everything (including people who's thoughts and ideas you don’t agree with), and do everything to expand your world view as much as possible.

Steve Austin - 

•       Annunciation matters, as well as pace and delivery – don’t be fake, because audiences will instantly pick up on that.
•         Be yourself, but still be aware you are trying to communicate and bring down barriers of distance between you and your audience.
•       Always think about what the audience wants, not just what you want – don’t bring personal bias into your work; don't be narrow minded.
•       Don’t do anything on radio that you wouldn’t do in real life.
•         Budding journalists - If you feel inadequate and that its all too much, you would be right. But don’t give up. It doesn’t matter – you may actually become a more interesting person after a few setbacks. Even if you're not naturally talented at this stuff, if you really want it, go after it, because you can do it.

Richard Fidler's 'Conversations' broadcasts live on ABC radio at 11am weekdays, and tune into ABC radio 612 to catch Steve Austin's morning broadcasts.